Medication Assisted Treatment for drug addiction (MAT) is a thorough approach to treating substance use disorders, particularly opioid addiction. This treatment combines FDA-approved medications like buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone with counseling and behavioral therapies to improve outcomes, reduce relapse rates, and enhance long-term recovery. MAT has been shown to increase retention in treatment, reduce overdose deaths, and support a holistic approach to sobriety. However, despite its effectiveness, only about 25% of adults with opioid use disorder receive MAT due to barriers like stigma and lack of access. Understanding how MAT works can help you or your loved one make informed decisions about recovery.
What Is Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT)?
MAT is a clinically driven and personalized treatment method for individuals dealing with opioid and alcohol addiction. It combines pharmacological support with behavioral therapy to address both the physical and psychological facets of substance use. When you begin a MAT program, you'll undergo a comprehensive medical and psychological evaluation to determine the most suitable medications and therapeutic interventions. These evaluations are crucial for designing a customized care plan that meets your specific needs and recovery goals. Medications like methadone, buprenorphine (often known by its brand name Suboxone), and naltrexone work by either activating or blocking opioid receptors in the brain, which reduces cravings and prevents withdrawal symptoms. For alcohol addiction, naltrexone and acamprosate may also be used. These medications are paired with behavioral support, such as one-on-one counseling, group therapy, and participation in recovery support groups. This whole-person approach increases the chances of long-term success by addressing not only the addiction but also the underlying mental and emotional factors.
Common Medications Used in MAT Programs
MAT programs typically use one or more of the following FDA-approved medications:
- Buprenorphine (Suboxone): A partial opioid agonist that helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It's commonly prescribed due to its safety profile and effectiveness in reducing illicit opioid use.
- Methadone: A full opioid agonist that prevents withdrawal and blocks the euphoric effects of opioids. It’s often administered in a clinical setting under close supervision.
- Naltrexone: An opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids and alcohol. It’s best suited for individuals who have already detoxed and are seeking relapse prevention.
These medications are most effective when combined with behavioral therapies and a support system, offering a full-spectrum approach to recovery.
Benefits and Evidence Behind MAT
The benefits of MAT are supported by robust clinical evidence. Individuals undergoing MAT are significantly more likely to:
- Stay in treatment longer
- Reduce their use of illicit drugs
- Improve social functioning and employment outcomes
- Lower their risk of HIV and hepatitis C transmission
- Avoid fatal overdoses
A recent study showed that patients who received MAT alongside outpatient therapy had far better long-term outcomes than those who received therapy alone. In fact, retention in treatment can increase by 50% or more with MAT, and overdose risk drops by up to 60%.
How MAT Is Administered and Monitored
When you begin MAT, your treatment is closely monitored by healthcare providers. Here’s what the typical MAT process looks like:
- Assessment: A physician evaluates your medical history, substance use, and mental health to choose the most suitable medication.
- Detox and Stabilization: If necessary, you may first go through detox to eliminate substances from your body before starting medication.
- Medication Initiation: Your doctor will start you on a suitable medication and monitor how your body responds, adjusting the dose as needed.
- Ongoing Monitoring: Regular check-ins are scheduled to assess medication efficacy, side effects, and psychological progress.
- Therapy and Counseling: You’ll engage in individual and group therapy, peer support meetings, and possibly family counseling.
- Maintenance or Tapering: Depending on your progress, your provider may continue the medication long-term or create a plan to taper off.
This structured and supportive environment is essential for ensuring the treatment’s success and reducing the risk of relapse.
Addressing Misconceptions and Concerns
Many people hesitate to pursue MAT due to stigma or misinformation. A common myth is that MAT simply replaces one drug with another. However, this is untrue. Medications like buprenorphine and methadone stabilize brain chemistry without producing the "high" associated with opioid misuse when taken as prescribed. Another misconception is that MAT hinders sobriety. On the contrary, studies show that combining medications with behavioral therapy offers the highest success rate for treating opioid and alcohol addiction. Moreover, MAT does not increase the risk of overdose when administered responsibly. In fact, individuals in MAT programs have significantly reduced overdose risks, especially compared to those who attempt abstinence-based recovery without medical support.
Finding a Trusted MAT Provider
If you’re considering MAT, it’s crucial to choose a provider who offers a holistic, evidence-based approach. Programs like the Intensive Outpatient Program at North Jersey Recovery Center offer flexible treatment options while integrating MAT with counseling and behavioral support. Here’s how to find the right MAT provider:
- Check Your Insurance: Contact your insurer to understand your coverage for MAT programs.
- Use Locator Tools: SAMHSA and other directories can help you find MAT-approved clinics in your area.
- Ask About Program Structure: Ensure the provider offers both medication and therapy in an integrated format.
- Verify Credentials: Choose a provider accredited by organizations like CARF or the Joint Commission.
By taking these steps, you can ensure that your treatment is safe, effective, and tailored to your unique recovery journey.